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(15 POINTS)
Samantha has a total of 12 chickens. If she has 3 times as many chickens as dogs, write and solve an equation to determine the number of dogs she has.

3x = 15; x = 5
3x = 12; x = 4
x + 3 = 12; x = 9
x − 3 = 12; x = 15