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The modular framework for vocal learning promotes a more inclusive view of this trait. As example for this is that
a. Vocal learning is modular in the sense that it disentangles the complexity of vocal learning phenotype.
b. Vocal production variability in early age is typically associated with vocal learning, but it can also be studied in the Japanese quail: a bird that does not imitate vocal sounds Vocal learning can be studied across ali vocalizing species.
c. An approach that is now supported by behavioral and neurobiological data
d. Dogs and cats can be considered as vocal learners because they possess a set of vocal learning modules.