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Problems in this Question refer to the following sequence of instructions:add $s1,$s2,$s3add $s2,$s1,$s4add $s1,$s1,$s2Cycle Times to be assumed are given in the below figure:Also, assume the following cycle times for each of the options related to forwarding:Without Forwarding With Full Forwardinga. Assume there is no forwarding in this pipelined processor. Indicate hazards and add NOP instructions to eliminate them and rewrite these instructions with the NOP instructions in your answer.b. Assume there is full forwarding. Indicate hazards and add NOP instructions to eliminate them and rewrite these instructions with the NOP instructions in your answer.c. What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence without forwarding and with full forwarding? What is the speedup achieved by adding full forwarding to a pipeline that had no forwarding?d. If there is ALU-ALU forwarding only (no forwarding from the MEM to the EX stage), then is adding NOP instructions to this code to eliminate hazards neccessary? If yes, please add NOP instructions and write them in your answer.e. What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence with only ALU-ALU forwarding? What is the speedup over a no-forwarding pipeline?Speedup is not the difference in two timings. Consider two execution times t1 = 200 ns and t2 = 150 ns. The speed up is ratio of Higher Time(Slower Execution) / Lower Time(Faster Execution). Thus, speedup = 200/150(Unit needs to be same - in this case nanoseconds) = 1.33
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