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JB is a 78-year-old male patient from a skilled nursing facility who was transferred to the emergency department with fever, hypotension, cold sweats, and altered mental status. He was found to be in septic shock secondary to urosepsis. Which of the following measures/medications is generally NOT used as first-line treatment for septic shock?
A. IV dopamine
B. IV Levophed
C. IV fluids
D. IV dobutamine