Explore a diverse range of topics and get answers from knowledgeable individuals on IDNLearn.com. Find in-depth and trustworthy answers to all your questions from our experienced community members.

Which of the following exchange rate regimes are considered hard pegs?
a. Setting the exchange rate by legislation and then backing holding 100% reserves of foreign currency to back the amount of national currency in circulation.
b. Controlling the domestic interest rate as needed to keep the exchange rate at or near a central value.
c. Abandoning use of a national currency to use the currency of another country.
d. Buying or selling reserves of foreign currency as needed to keep the exchange rate at or near a central value.