In the biological classification system, what are the defining characteristics that differentiate the major kingdoms of life, and how do these characteristics influence their ecological roles?
a) The Animalia kingdom is characterized by autotrophic nutrition, while the Plantae kingdom is defined by heterotrophic nutrition, influencing their roles as primary producers and consumers, respectively.
b) The Fungi kingdom is defined by its unicellular structure and photosynthetic ability, while the Protista kingdom is characterized by multicellularity and heterotrophic nutrition, influencing their roles in nutrient cycling.
c) The Plantae kingdom is characterized by cell walls containing cellulose and photosynthetic ability, while the Fungi kingdom is defined by cell walls containing chitin and saprotrophic nutrition, influencing their roles in energy capture and decomposition.
d) The Protista kingdom is characterized by a lack of membrane-bound organelles, while the Animalia kingdom is defined by the presence of chloroplasts, influencing their roles in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.