1. Calcium chloride is prepared according to the following balanced chemical equation:
• CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq)
Hydrochloric acid is produced for this preparation by the ionisation of hydrogen
chloride gas in water.
1.1 Name the type of bonding that is present in a molecule of hydrogen chloride.
1.2 Define the term 'electronegativity'
1.3 Make use of the Pauling scale of electronegativities, as provided in the Periodic
Table, to explain the type of
bonding found in hydrogen chloride and crystalline
calcium chloride.
(1)
(2)
(4)
1.4 HCl molecules are described as 'dipoles. Explain what is meant by this term.
1.5 Calcium chloride is soluble in water. The structure of its crystal lattice is broken
down by the water molecules to
form aqueous ions in solution.
(2)
1.5.1 Name the type of crystal lattice of which calcium chloride is an example.
1.5.2Name
the types of intermolecular forces present between:
(1)
a)
calcium chloride ions in the crystal lattice.
(1)
b)
the water molecules of the solvent.
(1)
c)
the water and the crystal lattice.
333
(1)
1.5.3Using diagrams to illustrate your answer, explain how the crystal lattice of
calcium chloride is broken down
during the dissolving process.
se only substances f
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