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The principle of "Checks & Balances"
was created by the founding fathers of the country as part of the division of powers of the United States federal government.
During the Constitutional Convention held at the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the summer of 1787, delegates from different states met to discuss the new form of government and create the new Constitution that would substitute the Articles of Confederation.
After so much discussion and debates, Antifederalists and Federalists accepted the creation of three branches of government, under the influence of Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquiou. The founding fathers included the system of checks and balances in which none of the branches was going to be more powerful than the other two.
The system has worked well in the past as in the present. We have the cases of the impeachment to President Andrew Johnson or Bill Clinton. We have seen how the US President can vetoes legislation that is referred back to Congress. Or how the Supreme Court has declared unconstitutional some laws approved by Congress.