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Answer: Recognition of $20,000 gain in income.
Explanation:
The creditor reduced the mortgage that Ralph would have to pay by $20,000 because Ralph was struggling to keep up payments. When debt is reduced, the reduction is usually taxable because it is treated as income.
The reason for the reduction of debt is not a reason for a debt reduction being exempt from taxation so the $20,000 will have to be treated as a gain and will be reported as such for Ralph's gross income.