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The correct answer is B. It challenged the traditional belief that the monarch had divine authority.
Explanation
The monarchy is a system of government that is based on divine authority, so the rulers are chosen by divine mandate and inherit their mandate from their children, power is retained in a single-family group, it has absolute power over all the decisions and is owners of the entire territory of the State. This system of government was questioned during the Enlightenment era because many intellectuals developed political theories that proposed a system of government in which all citizens could participate, also, they advocated freedom, private property, and rights. The system of government that developed during the Enlightenment was democracy in which political power was not in the hands of a single person but in different people who watched over each other so that there was a balance of power. These thoughts influenced many of the revolutions of the late 18th and 19th centuries, including the French Revolution, the first bourgeois revolution that replaced the king and his monarchical system, because it had caused a total crisis in France. Therefore, the correct answer is B. It challenged the traditional belief that monarchs had divine authority.