Demographically, the Roman Empire was an ordinary premodern state. It had high infant ... No Western city would have as many again until the 19th century. ... To maintain replacement levels under such a mortality regime—much less to ... artificial fertility controls like contraception and abortion were not widely used.
- In 500 BC, Rome was a minor city-state on the Italian peninsula. ... and emperors worried that if these troops were put under the control ... In 340, Rome came into conflict with its former allies, the neighboring ... Rome fought three conflicts with Carthage, known as the Punic Wars, between 264 and 146 BC.
