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What features of eukaryotes provide additional opportunities for the regulation of gene expression compared to bacteria? Select all that apply. Select all that apply. interaction with external environment transcription and translation are coupled processes separated processes of transcription and translation presence of chromatin opportunity for posttranscriptional and pre-translational regulation activation of all genes in genome

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Answer:

  1. separated processes of transcription and translation
  2. presence of chromatin
  3. opportunity for posttranscriptional and pre-translational regulation

Explanation:

Since there is no nucleus surrounding the genetic material in prokaryote cells, the transcription and translation processes occur simultaneously. Transcription stops when a protein is not necessary. So the control of protein synthesis is regulated by transcription and not translation. Once the transcription is on, all the following steps must follow it.

Transcription is the process that controls the genic expression in bacteria.

Eukaryotes do possess a nuclear membrane that separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell. The transcription process occurs inside the nucleus membrane, while the translation process occurs outside. In the cytoplasm occur the translation process and protein synthesis. Genic regulation can happen in any of these processes in different regions of the cells.

In eukaryotes, the regulation of the genic expression control might happen at different levels:

  • Epigenetic level: When DNA molecules open and nucleosomes separate to join the transcriptional factors
  • Transcription level: When the messenger RNA is being transcripted
  • Post-transcription level: When mRNA goes to the cytoplasm
  • Translation level: During the protein elongation
  • Post-translation level: Once the protein synthesis is over.  

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