Geographically, the north held the upper hand. It had more farmland than the South, which allowed the troops to eat. On its soil, the majority of the country's iron, coal, copper, and gold was discovered.
The North controlled the oceans, and its 21,000 miles of railroad track allowed troops and supplies to be delivered to any location.
What were the benefits of living in the South?
It is easier to defend property that one is familiar with. When the Union army invaded, the trees also aided to protect Southern soldiers.
Another advantage the South had was that many of its soldiers had grown up with firearms and horses in their lives. They were adept at hunting and living off the earth.
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