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Answer: b. by counting impact craters in the regions containing these channels
Explanation:
In counting the impact craters in the areas containing the runoff channels in question, scientists are able to infer the ages of these channels.
The logic is simple, the longer these areas have been exposed, the more meteors they would have been hit by to create these craters. Therefore areas with more craters must have been around for longer and using mathematical models, they come up with age estimates.