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Answer:
a. When identity is proven by presenting more than one item for proof of credentials -- e.g., something you know (user ID, password), and something you have (e.g., a tap of swipe of a card).
Explanation:
An access control can be defined as a security technique use for determining whether an individual has the minimum requirements or credentials to access or view resources on a computer by ensuring that they are who they claim to be.
Simply stated, access control is the process of verifying the identity of an individual or electronic device. Authentication work based on the principle (framework) of matching an incoming request from a user or electronic device to a set of uniquely defined credentials.
Basically, authentication and authorization is used in access control, to ensure a user is truly who he or she claims to be, as well as confirm that an electronic device is valid through the process of verification.
Generally, biometrics, smart cards, digital certificates, and picture passwords are used to perform an authentication.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security system process that requires a user to verify his or her identity by providing two categories of credentials. First of all, the user is required to provide his or her login credentials (username and password) and lastly, a unique PIN known as One Time Password (OTP) that was sent sequel to logging in.
This ultimately implies that, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is when an end user's identity is proven by presenting more than one item for proof of credentials such as something the user know (user ID, password), and something he or she has (e.g a tap of swipe of a card).