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The respiratory center rhythmically sends neural output to the diaphragm and ____________ muscles to regulate quiet breathing. The respiratory center is stimulated to alter breathing rate and depth by ____________ input from ____________ in the brain. Additional input comes from peripheral receptors, including ____________ within the carotid and aortic bodies, ____________ of the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract, ____________ of the lungs and visceral pleura, and ____________ of the joints. Breathing can be consciously controlled by the ____________ , which bypasses the respiratory center to directly stimulate lower motor neurons.

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Answer:

The respiratory center rhythmically sends neural output to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to regulate quiet breathing. The respiratory center is stimulated to alter breathing rate and depth by sensory input from central chemoreceptors in the brain. Additional input comes from peripheral receptors, including chemoreceptors within the carotid and aortic bodies, irritant receptors of the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract, stretch receptors of the lungs and visceral pleura, and proprioceptors of the joints. Breathing can be consciously controlled by the cerebral cortex, which bypasses the respiratory center to directly stimulate lower motor neurons.

Explanation:

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