Answers:
- 11. D) There appears to be an association between the variables. Since the teams with animal mascots win 74% of their games played and those with another type of mascot only win 49% of their games, the large difference suggests an association.
- 12. A) 9
- 13. D) There appears to be an association. Since there is a difference in percentages for modern and classical styles for the type of art.
- 14. D) 59%
- 15. A) 60%
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Explanations:
- 11. If the columns were identical (or nearly so) then that would suggest there isn't any association. However, the columns are different so it's likely we have association going on. Changing the mascot type appears to have an effect on whether the team wins or loses. In other words, the variables appear to be dependent.
- 12. Let x be the missing value in the table. Solve the proportion x/18 = 27/54 and you should get x = 9. If 9 goes in that table, then it will produce identical row relative frequencies (and identical column relative frequencies as well) which would then lead us to conclude that there probably isn't any association between the variables.
- 13. This is similar to problem 11. The columns being different percentages shows that changing the art style changes the make up of the sculptures and paintings.
- 14. There are 37+54 = 91 people who prefer the beach (instead of skiing). Of this total, 54 are away from the coast. So roughly 54/91 = 0.59 = 59% of the beach-goers are away from the coast.
- 15. Same idea as the previous problem. We have 24+36 = 60 people who like to ski, and 36 people are away from the coast. So 36/60 = 0.60 = 60% of the skiers are away from the coast.
