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Answer:
A change of 160.819 atmospheres is required to keep water from expanding when it is heated from 10.9 °C to 40.0 °C.
Explanation:
The bulk modulus of water ([tex]B[/tex]), in newtons per square meters, can be estimated by means of the following model:
[tex]B = \rho_{o}\cdot \frac{\Delta P}{\rho_{f} - \rho_{o}}[/tex] (1)
Where:
[tex]\rho_{o}[/tex] - Water density at 10.9 °C, in kilograms per cubic meter.
[tex]\rho_{f}[/tex] - Water density at 40 °C, in kilograms per cubic meter.
[tex]\Delta P[/tex] - Pressure change, in pascals.
If we know that [tex]\rho_{o} = 999.623\,\frac{kg}{m^{3}}[/tex], [tex]\rho_{f} = 992.219\,\frac{kg}{m^{3}}[/tex] and [tex]B = 2.2\times 10^{9}\,\frac{N}{m^{2}}[/tex], then the bulk modulus of water is:
[tex]\Delta P = B\cdot \left(\frac{\rho_{f}}{\rho_{o}}-1 \right)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta P = \left(2.2\times 10^{9}\,\frac{N}{m^{3}} \right)\cdot \left(\frac{992.219\,\frac{kg}{m^{3}} }{999.623\,\frac{kg}{m^{3}} }-1 \right)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta P = -16294943.19\,Pa \,(-160.819\,atm)[/tex]
A change of 160.819 atmospheres is required to keep water from expanding when it is heated from 10.9 °C to 40.0 °C.