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Answer: Most likely ion symbol for given element is as follows.
- Scandium - [tex]Sc^{3+}[/tex]
- Fluorine - [tex]F^{-}[/tex]
- Sulfur - [tex]S^{2-}[/tex]
- Calcium - [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex]
- Sodium - [tex]Na^{+}[/tex]
Explanation:
When an element loses an electron in order to acquire stability then it is called a cation. Metals always form cations and cations have a positive charge.
For example, scandium is a metal and [tex]Sc^{3+}[/tex] is a cation.
Atomic number of calcium is 20 (2, 8, 8, 2). So, it loses 2 electrons to acquire stability and hence forms [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] ion.
Atomic number of sodium is 11 (2, 8, 1). So, it loses 1 electron to acquire stability and hence forms [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] ion.
When an element gains an electron in order to complete its octet then it is called an anion. Non-metals always form anions and anions have a negative charge.
For example, atomic number of fluorine is 9 (2, 7). So, it will gain one electron to acquire stability and hence forms [tex]F^{-}[/tex] ion.
Atomic number of sulfur is 16 (2, 8, 6). So, it will gain 2 electrons to acquire stability and hence forms [tex]S^{2-}[/tex] ion.
Thus, we can conclude that most likely ion symbol for each given element is as follows.
- Scandium - [tex]Sc^{3+}[/tex]
- Fluorine - [tex]F^{-}[/tex]
- Sulfur - [tex]S^{2-}[/tex]
- Calcium - [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex]
- Sodium - [tex]Na^{+}[/tex]
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