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A) In ethanol, the OH group is present. This means an H atom is attached to an O atom. The electronegativity of an O atom is much greater than an H atom because of this the H atom will get a partial positive charge and the O atom will get a partially negative charge. This is known as a dipole. Hence dipole-dipole interactions will get generated in the molecule and attractive forces will be produced among the molecules of ethanol.
B) There is no hydrogen bonding between diethyl ether molecules because there is no hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen. So diethyl ether does not show hydrogen bonding.
C) Chlorine is less electronegative as compared to oxygen and nitrogen so it does not show hydrogen bonding. So, ethanol has more hydrogen bonding than ethyl chloride.
D) In trimethylamine, the nitrogen atom is not attached to any hydrogen atoms. So, it will not show any hydrogen bonding.
According to above mentioned points, we can conclude that out of the given options ethanol will have maximum hydrogen bonding.
So, the correct option is (A).
Additional Information:
Properties of hydrogen bonding :
i) Solubility: Because of the hydrogen bonding between water and alcohol molecules, lower alcohols are soluble in water.
ii) Volatility: Compounds having hydrogen bonding between different molecules have a higher boiling point and a higher boiling point means the compound is less volatile.
iii) Viscosity and surface tension: The substances which contain hydrogen bonding exist as an associated molecule. They have higher viscosity and high surface tension