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Avoiding bias, increases reliability and is important to experimental data. A scientist is investigating the cause of an unusual color in the lake water of a specific location. Four residents of the location responded to questions asked by the scientist. The chart below shows their responses. Questions Resident 1's answer Resident 2's answer Resident 3's answer Resident 4's answer Do you work at the coal mine near the lake? Yes No No Yes Do you use the lake water for daily chores? Yes Yes No Yes Is your family income affected by the presence of the coal mine near the lake? No Yes No Yes Which resident's information is the least biased and the scientist most likely to get valid results?
Resident 1 Resident 2 Resident 3 Resident 4
His/her income is not affected by the presence of the mine.
Finally, three doesn't use the water -- likely because of its color. That isn't bias. It's common sense. The water is contaminated with something. It is better to be safe than sorry. I've seen lakes with green algae in it. One of the causes is human waste being pumped into it.
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