Fermentation can be viewed as a form of respiration in the absence of oxygen. In other words, fermentation is equivalent to anaerobic respiration.
Fermentation can be of two types:
- Lactic acid fermentation
- Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by some bacteria or the muscle cells of mammals. During this process, carbohydrates undergo glycolysis, and the pyruvate molecules produced are used to generate lactic acid with the generation of energy in the form of ATP.
Alcohol fermentation is carried out by yeast and some other fungi/bacteria. During this process, the pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis are converted to alcohol with ATP generated as a result. Carbon dioxide is also evolved as a by-product of the reaction.
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