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How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict, including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.
The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.
It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to institute theocratic communities.
It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.
Answer: The Roman Catholic Church responded with a Counter-Reformation initiated by the Council of Trent and spearheaded by the new order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), specifically organized to counter the Protestant movement. In general, Northern Europe, with the exception of most of Ireland, turned Protestant.
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