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1. What happened to the pH of the substances when the size of the sample was increased or
decreased?
2. What happened to the pH when the sample was diluted? Did the material change from its original classification as an acid/base/ or neutral?
3. Describe a neutralizing reaction and give the neutral products?
4. Predict the general pH that is the result of combining a strong acid with a weak base?
An acid-base reaction or neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid, for example hydrochloric acid, and a base, sodium hydroxide.
The word "salt" describes any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base (Na + from NaOH) and whose anion comes from an acid (Cl- from HCl). Neutralization reactions are generally exothermic, which means that they give off energy in the form of heat. They are often called neutralization because when an acid reacts with a base, they neutralize each other's properties.
There are several concepts that provide alternative definitions for the reaction mechanisms involved in these reactions, and their application to related problems in solution. The word neutralization can be interpreted as annihilation or as elimination, which is not far from the truth. When an acid is mixed with a base both species react to different degrees that depend largely on the concentrations and volumes of the acid and the base can be considered as an illustration the reaction of a strong acid that is mixed with a weak base, this The latter will be completely neutralized, while a portion of the strong acid will remain in solution, depending on the moles that reacted with the base. Three additional alternatives that arise from mixing an acid with a base can be considered:
A strong acid is mixed with a strong base: When this happens, the species that will remain in solution will be the one that is in greater quantity than the other.
A weak acid is mixed with a strong base: The solution will be basic, since it will be the base that remains in the reaction.
A weak acid is mixed with a weak base: If this happens, the acidity of a solution will depend on the acid constant of the weak acid and the concentrations of both the base and the acid.
Despite the differences in definitions, its importance is evident in the different methods of analysis, when applied to acid-base reactions of gaseous or liquid species, or when the acidic or basic character may be somewhat less evident. The first of these scientific concepts of acids and bases was provided by the father of chemistry, the Frenchman Antoine Lavoisier, around 1776.
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