I only need help with the Constants, please answer as much as you can

Part 1 Directions: Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable and two or more constants in the following descriptions of experiments:

(Constants = Controls or controlled variables)

1) The more time people spend using social media, the less they read books.

Independent Variable: Time people spend using social media
Dependent Variable: The amount of books read
Identify 2 Constants:

2) Drinking energy drinks makes people more aggressive.

Independent Variable: Drinking energy drinks
Dependent Variable: Being aggressive
Identify 2 Constants:

3) Taking a nap in the afternoon makes people more focused for the rest of the day.

Independent Variable: Napping during the afternoon
Dependent Variable: Their focus for the rest of the day
Identify 2 Constants:

4) Spending time with a family dog decreases the amount of stress someone is feeling.

Independent Variable: Spending time with a family dog
Dependent Variable: How much stress someone is feeling
Identify 2 Constants:

5) Eating breakfast in the morning increases the ability to learn in school.

Independent Variable: Eating breakfast in the morning
Dependent Variable: Ability to learn in school
Identify 2 Constants:


Part 2 Directions: Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable and two or more constants in the following descriptions of experiments:

1) Students watched a cartoon either alone or with others and then rated how funny they found the cartoon to be.

Independent Variable: Watching cartoons either alone or with others
Dependent Variable: How funny the cartoon is to them
Identify 2 Constants:

2) A comprehension test was given to students after they had studied textbook material either in silence or with the television turned on.

Independent Variable: Studies textbook material in silence or with TV on
Dependent Variable: Comprehension test results
Identify 2 Constants:

3) Some elementary school teachers were told that a child’s parents were college graduates, and other teachers were told that the child’s parents had not finished high school; they then rated the child’s grades.

Independent Variable: Whether the child’s parent went to college or if they finished high school
Dependent Variable: The children’s grades
Identify 2 Constants:

4) Workers at a company were assigned to one of two conditions: One group completed a stress management training program; another group of workers did not participate in the training. The number of sick days taken by these workers was examined for the next 2 months.

Independent Variable: Group training
Dependent Variable: Number of sick days taken
Identify 2 Constants:


5) Students at a University were split into two groups and each received a different text for a philosophy course. One group received a traditional textbook, while the other received an interactive textbook on a tablet computer. After the course, the final exam grades between the two groups of students were compared.

Independent Variable: Type of textbook received, traditional/interactive
Dependent Variable: Grades on the final exam
Identify 2 Constants: