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Using the given amounts of paint, we end up with
1/10 + 2/5 + 1/4 = 2/20 + 8/20 + 5/20 = 15/20 = 3/4
cup of purple paint.
But you want to make 3/8 gallons of purple paint. Convert this amount to gallons (remember that there are 16 cups to 1 gallon) :
(3/4 cup) • (1 gal) / (16 cups) = 3/64 gal
and this is 1/8 of 3/8, since 1/8 • 3/8 = 3/64. This means you need 8 times as much whit, red, and blue paint to get the amount you want.
So, you should use
8 • 1/10 = 8/10 = 4/5 cup white paint
8 • 2/5 = 16/5 = 3 + 1/5 cups red paint
8 • 1/4 = 8/4 = 2 cups blue paint