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Addition of the reactant to ocean water producing a trace amount of
gold, makes the (gold compound in the) ocean water the limiting reagent.
A limiting reagent is the reactant that is consumed first before the other
reagents in the reaction.
The given parameters are;
The item added to the ocean = A reactant that precipitate gold from solution
The item to which the reactant is added is a large sample of ocean water
The amount of solid gold resulted from after filtering the mixture = Trace amount of gold
Therefore;
Given that the reactant produces gold from a solution containing gold,
and that the solution the reactant is added to is a sample of ocean water,
the gold in the ocean water is the limiting reagent that limits the amount
of gold produced.
Therefore;
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