Climatic maps use isobars to read the barometric pressure and to determine climatic patterns in different areas. Points B and C are described below.
How to interpret a weather map?
Meteorology is determined mainly by barometric pressure, which is the pressure exerted by atmospheric air on the Earth's surface. It is measured in millibars, Mb.
Barometric pressure systems are closely associated with weather patterns, which is why it is used to create climatic maps.
⇒ Pressure:
- An average pressure system at sea level ⇒ 1013 Mb.
- A high-pressure system ⇒ air descends ⇒ Good weather and few clouds ⇒ 1030 Mb.
- A low-pressure system ⇒ air ascends ⇒ Hot ascending air condense and forms clouds. Bad weather, storm probabilities ⇒ 1000 Mb.
⇒ Isobars:
- Used to read barometric pressures in climatic maps
- These are curve lines that indicate the areas with the same barometric pressures.
- They are arranged in concentric figures, one inside the other one. The smallest one indicates the pressure center.
- High-pressure center is indicated with an H
- Low-pressure center is indicated with an L
- Isobars are significant when determining wind speed and direction.
⇒ Wind direction:
- In High-pressure center is indicated with clockwise arrows in the northern hemisphere
- In Low-pressure center is indicated with counterclockwise arrows in the northern hemisphere
Winds tend to move from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.
⇒ Wind speed:
The closer isobars are between each other, the stronger and faster the wind is.
⇒ Front types:
- Cold front ⇒ represented by blue lines with blue triangles pointing in the direction of the front movement. When a cold front passes by, there are high probabilities of strong winds and severe precipitations.
- Hot front ⇒ represented by red lines with red semi-circles pointing in the direction of the front movement. There is an increase in temperature as the front approximates. There might be precipitations.
- Occluded front ⇒ represented by purple lines with red semi-circles and blue triangles pointing in the direction of the front movement. It forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front. There might be storms.
Point C
- Near a Low Pressure system
- Isobars: close to each other
- Mass of light, warm and wet air. Since the air is light, it tends to ascend, creating clouds and rains.
- Air pressure: low -around 1000 Mb-
- Weather conditions: cloudy, rainy, stormy.
- Wind direction: counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere.
- Wind speed: high to moderate
- A hot front is approximating
Point B
- Probably near a High Pressure system
- Isobars: separated from each other
- Mass of dense, cold/cool and dry air. Since the air is dense it tends to descend.
- Air pressure: high - around 1030 Mb-
- Weather conditions: clear, cloudless
- Wind direction: clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
- Wind speed: moderate to low
- Temperature: cold or cool
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