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The Wilson cycle is the succession of the opening of an ocean basin to form a passive margin, later followed by the closing of that ocean basin to form a collisional orogeny.
The periodic opening and closure of ocean basins are brought on by plate tectonics.
Magma rises to the surface in a plume, while the crust beneath thins out to start the Wilson cycle.
An ocean basin develops as a result of extensional tectonic processes, and sediments build up along its boundaries. The ocean basin then begins to close up when subduction is started on one of its margins. Another cycle starts as the crust starts to thin once more.
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