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during exercise accomplished there is increased muscle perfusion
Arterioles dilate during exercise in reaction to adrenaline and norepinephrine released by the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves. Precapillary sphincters, which are not innervated, dilate in response to lactic acid, CO2, and adenosine.
During vigorous activity, blood flow through the muscles can rise more than 20-fold, requiring blood to be diverted from other organs such as the digestive tract and kidneys to satisfy the needs of the working muscles. Muscular contraction constricts blood vessels and obstructs flow.
Muscle perfusion was measured as an index of blood volume at rest using a diffusion-weighted MRI methodology and analysis approach developed in our lab.
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