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Nucleosome (chromatin) modifiers are the missing modifiers that specifically refer to the ATP-dependent enzymatic complexes that are involved in nucleosome mobility underlying transcriptional regulation.
Chromatin modifiers as co-regulators of transcription. Many histone modifying enzymes are part of co-regulatory complexes that cooperate with transcription factors to regulate gene expression.
These enzymes interact directly with DNA or chromatin structure and histone subunits to rearrange the shape and organization of nucleosome arrangements and ultimately regulate gene expression. When cells lack nucleosome modifiers, nucleosome organization is affected. The accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to DNA is compromised, compromising its ground-level function in the complex regulation of gene expression.
The nucleosome remodeling complex is involved in both activation and repression of gene expression. Mutations of those subunits in yeast often result in more highly expressed genes than those with decreased expression (Hargreaves and Crabtree 2011).
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