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4. Joe has five times as much money as Bill. However, Joe pays Bill $5 he owes him, after which Joe has just twice the amount Bill now has. How much money did each have in the beginning?​

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Answer:

Bill starts with $5 and Joe starts with $25

Step-by-step explanation:

Let Ji and Bi represent the initial amounts that Joe and Bill have at the start.  Number after J and B will be used to indicate subsequent steps in the problem.

We are told that "Joe has five times as much money as Bill," which we can write as:

   1)  Ji = 5Bi

We learn that "Joe pays Bill $5," which we can represent as:

   2)  J1 = Ji - 5

This would mean that Bill has added $5:

   3)  B1 = Bi + 5

We are then told that "Joe has just twice the amount Bill now has," which we can write as:

   4)  J1 = 2B1

===

We can rearrnage and substitute the above relationships to eliminate one of the two variables (B1 or J1)

J1 = Ji - 5                [from 2]

2B1 = Ji - 5              [Substitute 4 to eliminate J1]

Ji = 5Bi                    [from 1]

2B1 = 5Bi - 5           [Substitute 1 to eliminate Ji]

B1 = Bi + 5               [Rearrange]

2(Bi + 5) = 5Bi - 5    [Use the above expression in the previous equation to eliminate B1]

2Bi + 10 = 5Bi - 5    [Simplify]

-3Bi = -15                  [Simplify]

Bi = $5                       [Solve]

Ji = 5Bi                    [from 1]

Ji = 5*(5)                  [Since Bi = $5]

Ji = $25                    [Solve]  

Bi = $5 and Ji = $25

===

CHECK:

Does Joe has five times as much money as Bill?

Ji = $25 and Bi = $5  YES

When Joe pays Bill $5 he owes him, does Joe has just twice the amount Bill now has?

J1 = $25 - $5 = $20

B1 = $5 + $5  = $10    YES

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