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What feature of a phospholipid's anatomy, when incorporated into the lipid bilayer of a cell's plasma membrane, prevent ions from freely diffusing into or out of a cell?

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Anatomically, phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. This feature when incorporated into the lipid bilayer of a cell's plasma membrane prevents ions from freely diffusing into or out of a cell.

An amphipathic molecule contains both a hydrophilic (water-loving) as well as a hydrophobic (water-hating) region. A single phospholipid molecule contains a phosphate group on one end which is called the “head,” and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that form the lipid “tails”.

Phospholipids are able to form cell membranes due to the fact that the phosphate group head is hydrophilic while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.

The lipid bilayer thus, acts as a barrier to the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

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