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Higher-order folding involves association of the DNA with a nuclear scaffold, which contains large amounts of Histone H1 and Topoisomerase II.
What is Histone?
Histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that provides structural support for a chromosome. They are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds, which gives the chromosome a more compact shape, to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped as 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. There are five types of histones namely H2A, H2B, H3, H4 and H1 linker histone. Within a nucleosome, they exist as two dimers of (H2A-H2B) and a complex of (H32-H42) eventually forming an octamer.
What is Topoisomerases?
Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes which play essential roles in DNA replication, transcription, chromosome segregation, and recombination.
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