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Queue data structure employs first-in-first-out (FIFO).
A queue is a data structure that follows first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle, meaning that the first item added to the data list in the queue becomes the first item to be removed.
In queues two operations enqueue and dequeue are allowed only. Enqueue refers to insertion of an element at the back/end of the data list in the queue, while dequeue refers to removing the element from front/start of the data list in the queue. Consider an analogy that a queue is a line of people to pay electricity bills; new addition is made at the end, while removal after paying the bill happens at the start.
Disk controllers use the queue (FIFO) as an algorithm of disk scheduling to determine the order to serve disk I/O requests. Further, in computer networking FIFO is used to hold data packets in order to send them to their next destination.
A stack is also a data structure that represents last–in-first-out principle (LIFO), allowing the last item inserted in the data list in stack to be removed first for processing.
In stacks, insertion and removal of elements is possible only from the top. Only the two allowed operations by stacks are push and pop. Push means adding an item to the top of the stack and pop means removing the item from stack’s top. Consider an analogy of a stack of books; a book can be added to and removed from only the top.
Computers use stacks (LIFO) when it is required to get the most recent information entered, from data buffers or arrays.
The main difference between queues (FIFO) and stacks (LIFO) is in removal of the items from the data list. In queues, the oldest added item is removed first. In stacks, the newest added element is removed first.
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