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Crossing over (in prophase I) Random assortment of chromosomes (in metaphase I) Random fusion of gametes from different parents are the three main sources of genetic variation arising from sexual reproduction.
What is genetic variation?
Genetic variation is the variance in DNA sequences among members of a population. Germ cells, such as sperm and eggs, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are subject to variation. The only variation that develops in germ cells may be passed from one person to the next and ultimately have an impact on population dynamics and evolution. Major causes of variation include recombination and mutation.
- Genetic variety first appeared as a result of mutations. A mutation is a type of DNA sequence change that is irreversible.
- Another important source of genetic diversity is recombination. Each of us is made up of a combination of our parents' genetic material.
Therefore, variations arising from sexual reproduction are Crossing over (in prophase I) Random assortment of chromosomes (in metaphase I) Random fusion of gametes from different parents.
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