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Geologic studies suggest that the outer layers of earth were active in the plate tectonic process by at least 1.5 billion years ago.
Since the nature of plate tectonics, the origin of the process is obscured: Old oceanic crust is destroyed in subduction zones as new crust is created in spreading centres. It is difficult to determine when active plate tectonics began because of how effectively the planet's surface recycles, with the majority of oceanic crust being less than 200 million years old and very little continental crust remaining from Earth's early history.
Many scientists believe that plate tectonics began, in one form or another, around 3 billion years ago. However, some believe it may have begun as recently as 1 billion years ago or even earlier. Both the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth are shaped by plate tectonics. Large temperature fluctuations caused by too much or too little greenhouse gas are tempered by the release of volcanic gases and the formation of new silicate rock, which absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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