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Provide the brief overview of the endocrine system , explain briefly how it’s exerts and effects on its targets cells.

Sagot :

The endocrine system is composed of organs located in various regions of the body. These organs produce hormones, a chemical messenger that regulates the functions of the body.

Organs of the Endocrine System:

A. PINEAL GLAND

Location: Brain

Function: Regulates the sleep cycle and production of melatonin

Hormone/s: Melatonin

Target areas: Various tissues, most especially the brain to induce sleep

B. PITUITARY GLAND

Location: Brain

Function: Release several hormones to regulate body functions like in metabolism, growth, and secondary sex characteristics

Hormone/s: Growth hormones, Luteinizing hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Target areas: Gonads produce sex cells and induce sexual development by secondary sex characters like breasts, facial hairs, etc.

C. THYROID

Location: Throat area

Function: Regulate metabolism, breathing, heart rate, muscle functions, etc.

Hormone/s: Thyroxine, Calcitonin

Target areas: Heart, Muscles, Bones

D. ADRENAL GLANDS

Location: Above the kidneys

Function: Helps the kidneys in controlling the amount of salt in the body, Regulates metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response

Hormone/s: Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens

Target areas: Various tissues, particularly, kidneys and gonads

E. PANCREAS

Location: Surrounded by the liver, kidneys, and other internal organs

Function: Regulation of blood sugar and digestion

Hormone/s: Insulin, Glucagon

Target areas: Various tissues, particularly, the liver and muscles store or burn extra sugars in the blood

F. GONADS = TESTES IN MALE; OVARIES IN FEMALE

Location: Inguinal region

Function: Production of sex cells like sperm or egg, Regulate male or female reproduction and sexual development

Hormone/s: Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone

Target areas: Various tissues and regions of the body, particularly, the throat (male lowering of voice), chest (breast development), facial hairs, maturation of egg cells and sperm cells in the gonads

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