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We know that a right triangle satisfies the pythagorean theorem:
[tex]c^2=a^2+b^2[/tex]where a and b are the legs (the two smaller sides) and c is the hypotenuse.
To determine if the sides form a right triangle we plug the values into the pythagorean theorem, if the equation holds then the sides form a right triangle:
[tex]\begin{gathered} 41^2=40^2+9^2 \\ 1681=1600+81 \\ 1681=1681 \end{gathered}[/tex]Since the equation holds we conclude that the sides given form a right triangle.