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The lacI protein experiences a conformational shift upon lactose addition, which alters its affinity for the lac O sequences.
Only once allolactose binds to it and renders it inactive can this protein be eliminated. The lacI gene produces a protein that is referred to as the lac repressor.
Only when lactose is present and glucose is absent do the genes come into play. Catabolite activator protein and lac repressor are the two proteins that control how much glucose and lactose is present in the body. Lac repressor prevents transcription of is an operon. It ceases to function as a repressor when lactose is present.
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