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Sagot :
LiAlH4 reagent can reduce aldehydes to primary alcohols, ketones to secondary alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters to primary alcohols, amides and nitriles to amines, epoxides to alcohols and lactones to diols.
LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent compared to sodium borohydride, NaBH4, since the Al-H bond is weaker and thus less stable than B-H bond.
Reduction of aldehydes or ketone to primary and secondary alcohols:
Initially, a hydride ion is transferred onto the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen atom coordinates to the remaining aluminum hydride species to furnish an alkoxy tri hydro aluminate ion, which can reduce the next carbonyl molecule. Thus three of the hydride ions are used up in reduction. The reaction will be as follows :
AlH4 + ROR → RHROH
Reduction of amides to amine:
Amides are converted to amines. The LAH reduction mechanism is slightly different from that depicted for esters. In iminium ion is formed during the reaction since nitrogen atom is relatively a good donor than oxygen atom. The reaction will be as follows:
RONR2 + AlH4 → RNR2
To look more about hydride reagents click here
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