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if a decimal number is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by three is evident and proved below.
Let n be a decimal number.
Assume n is divisible by 3.
lets consider n in terms of its digits as
n = d_1 * 10^(m-1) + d_2 * 10^(m-2) + ... + d_m * 10^0
where m is the number of digits in n and d_1, d_2, ..., d_m are its digits.
Substituting n = 3k into the above equation, we get
3k = d_1 * 10^(m-1) + d_2 * 10^(m-2) + ... + d_m * 10^0
Subtracting 3k from both sides of the equation, we get
0 = d_1 * 10^(m-1) + d_2 * 10^(m-2) + ... + d_m * 10^0 - 3k
Adding 3k to both sides of the equation, we get
3k = d_1 * 10^(m-1) + d
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