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The central tenet of the functional approach is the presumption that people are primarily driven by some level of self-interest in everything they do.
Self-interest, in general, refers to a focus on one's own needs or desires. Self-interested behaviors are frequently carried out without conscious awareness. Numerous theories in philosophy, psychology, and economics look at how self-interest influences what people do. People might be biased toward serving their own interests.
It is axiomatic in Legalism that a government cannot truly be staffed by upright and trustworthy men of service because every member of the elite—like any member of society—will pursue their own interests and must, therefore, be employed for those interests. Legalism is a Chinese political philosophy that contends that human nature and, consequently, human behavior are driven by self-interest[1]. It argues that even acts of virtue are fundamentally self-serving and motivated by avarice, such as striving to live a moral life in the hopes that the reputation that results will translate into a wealth of advantages or riches.
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