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A college student comes to the student health center with a 4-day history of flu-like symptoms. The client reports feeling increasing fatigue, thirst, and nausea over the last 24 hours. Further assessment and lab work indicate that the client is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The client is transferred to an acute care facility for treatment. The nurse notes that the client's breath has a fruity odor, they are exhibiting Kussmaul respirations.

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Respirations are deep and quick to counteract metabolic acidosis. Through a series of deep, quick breaths known as Kussmaul respirations, lungs try to expel [tex]Co_{2}[/tex]  to counteract metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis).

The potentially fatal condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) affects patients with diabetes. It happens when the body begins to break down fat at an excessively rapid rate. In those who have not yet been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, DKA can occasionally be the initial symptom. It can also happen to someone who has already received a type 1 diabetes diagnosis. DKA in patients with type 1 diabetes can be brought on by trauma, illness, injury, missed insulin doses, surgery stress, or any of a number of other factors.

DKA can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes, but it is less common and less severe. It is typically brought on by extended periods of uncontrolled blood sugar, missed medication dosages, or a serious illness or infection.

Learn more about ketoacidosis

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