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There are a number of theories described at the beginning of the chapter: drive, arousal, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Theories that describe some specific human behavior are the drive reduction theory focuses on how motivation is developed from biological drives. The motivation here is caused by the biological drive which has to be reduced in order to satsify the motivation. Example, Thirst is a biological drive which motivates the behaviour of drinking water. The motivation is satisfied and drive reduced by that behaviour.
Drive is a basic need that is pressing for fulfilment in psychology. It is typically caused by physiological tension, deficiencies, or imbalances (such as hunger and thirst) and drives an organism to take action. While some academics have used the terms "need" and "drive" interchangeably, others distinguish between need and drive as the psychological symptoms of deprivation (e.g., tension and restless or goal-directed activity).
Additionally, psychologists make a distinction between intrinsic impulses that are directly connected to fundamental physiological demands (such food, air, and water) and learned drives (e.g., drug addiction). Achievement, activity, affection, connection, curiosity, elimination, exploration, manipulation, motherhood, pain avoidance, sex, and sleep are a few more suggested drives or demands.
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