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Part C - Preserving biodiversity
In the past, preservation efforts usually focused on single species, such as polar bears or Florida panthers. However, current preservation efforts generally focus on whole communities and ecosystems. One approach to the preservation of biodiversity on this scale is the establishment of protected areas such as natural parks and reserves.
Marine reserves are protected areas in the ocean where harvesting fish and invertebrates is limited or prohibited. Generally, these reserves protect a coral reef ecosystem, a kelp forest ecosystem, or an area near a particular shoreline, rather than a single species. The following graphs represent changes typical after the establishment of some well-planned marine reserves. Interpret the graphs and determine which of the following statements are true

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A greater understanding of biodiversity itself, modifications to human behavior and attitudes, and varied preservation techniques are all necessary to meet the unique task of conserving biodiversity.

  • A community's number of grazers tends to decline as the number of predators increases (sea urchins in this case). The regrowth of kelp forests in marine reserves is probably a result of an increase in predators.
  • After the creation of this reserve, organism size grew by roughly 30%.
  • A user-friendly cataloguing of all species on the globe is almost possible thanks to advancements in molecular genetics, data processing, and storage technologies.

One molecular genetic technique, DNA barcoding, uses the sequence of parts of a mitochondrial gene, which is found in all eukaryotes, with the exception of plants, to identify species using the gene's rapid evolution. Chloroplast genes can be used in conjunction to barcode plants.

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