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20 Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward(1) lower energy and higher entropy(2) lower energy and lower entropy(3) higher energy and higher entropy(4) higher energy and lower entropy

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Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward Lower energy and higher entropy.
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Answer is: (1) lower energy and higher entropy.

Entropy is the measure of the molecular disorder and it is system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work.

For a reaction to be spontaneous under standard conditions at all temperatures, the signs of ΔH° and ΔS° must be negative and positive, respectively.

Gibbs free energy (G) determines if reaction will proceed spontaneously, if ΔG is negative, reaction is spontaneous.

ΔG = ΔH - T·ΔS.

ΔG - changes in Gibbs free energy.

ΔH - changes in enthalpy.

ΔS - changes in entropy.

T is temperature in Kelvins.

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