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When an atom of the unstable isotope Na-24 decays, it becomes an atom of Mg-24 because the Na-24 atom spontaneously releases: (1) an alpha particle (2) a beta particle (3) a neutron (4) a positron
A sodium-24 (Na-24) atom has atomic number 11 and mass 24, while a magnesium (Mg) atom has atomic number 12 and mass 24. Therefore the only change is that a particle with (-1) atomic number and (0) mass must have been released by Na-24 to get Mg-24. This description fits a beta particle, which has a (-1) atomic number and (0) mass.
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