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The resting membrane potential is the stable voltage of idle cells, while depolarization describes a decrease in membrane potential moving towards zero, opposite to hyperpolarization.
Resting membrane potential is the relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells at rest, maintained by the balance of ion leakage and ion pumping. It is known as the resting potential, typically around -70mV for most cells, arising from unequal ion pumping across the membrane.
Depolarization occurs when the membrane potential moves towards zero, becoming less polarized, and may result from a flow of ions across membranes. This is the opposite of hyperpolarization, where the membrane becomes more polarized, moving away from zero.
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