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Natural selection and environmental factors influence population variation through allele frequencies, genetic similarity changes, and phenotypic variations.
Natural selection influences allele frequencies in a population, causing individuals to become more or less genetically similar. This process can lead to phenotypic variation within a population. Environmental factors can also play a role in shaping this variation by impacting the selection pressures on certain traits.
Various types of selection such as stabilizing selection, directional selection, diversifying selection, frequency-dependent selection, and sexual selection contribute to how natural selection affects population variation. The goal of natural selection is to produce populations that are better adapted to survive and reproduce in their specific environments through the selection of beneficial traits.
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